Manage your diabetes with confidence.

When it comes to diabetes, knowledge is power. Explore the topics below to stay informed and help better manage your diabetes.

What is A1C? 

A1C is a measurement of your average glucose levels over the past two to three months. It’s used by healthcare professionals to measure how well your diabetes is being managed and is given as a percentage.1

The goal for most people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes is an A1C below 7%.2

Icon_A1C7%

What’s a normal blood sugar level? 

Recommended blood sugar levels for most people with diabetes3

This table provides general recommendations on blood sugar targets and may not be the same as the targets your healthcare team has set for you. Your targets should be personalized to you.

 
Target
A1C

7.0% or under

Fasting blood glucose (sugar)/blood glucose before meals

4.0-7.0 mmol/L

 

 

Blood glucose (sugar) two hours after eating (mmol/L)

5.0-10.0 mmol/L
(5.0-8.0 mmol/L if A1C targets are not being met)

 

 

Doctors also use different blood sugar tests to diagnose diabetes. In addition to A1C, doctors will do a Fasting Blood Sugar Test (measures blood sugar levels after an overnight fast) and a Glucose Tolerance Test (measures blood sugar levels before and after drinking a sugary liquid).4

Diabetes is diagnosed when:4

  • A1C is 6.5% or above

  • Blood sugar level is 7 mmol/L or higher after fasting

  • Blood sugar level is 11.1 mmol/L or higher after a glucose tolerance test

Prediabetes is diagnosed when:4

  • A1C is 6.0-6.4%

  • Blood sugar level is 6.1-6.9 mmol/L after fasting

  • Blood sugar level is 7.8-11.0 mmol/L after a glucose tolerance test

 
A1C Test
Fasting Blood Sugar Test
Glucose Tolerance Test
Diabetes4

6.5% or higher

7 mmol/L or higher

11.1 mmol/L or higher

Prediabetes4

6.0-6.4%

6.1-6.9 mmol/L

7.8-11.0 mmol/L

Normal1,5

Under 5.7%

Under 5.5 mmol/L

Under 7.8 mmol/L

 

Sensor is water-resistant in up to 1 metre (3 feet) of water. Do not immerse longer than 30 minutes. Not to be used above 10,000 feet.

* The FreeStyle Libre 2 app and the FreeStyle Libre 2 reader have similar but not identical features. Finger pricks are required if glucose readings and alarms do not match symptoms or expectations. The FreeStyle Libre 2 sensor communicates with the FreeStyle Libre 2 reader that started it or the FreeStyle Libre 2 app that started it. The FreeStyle Libre 2 app is only compatible with certain mobile devices and operating systems. Please check the Compatibility Guide (PDF 69 kB) for more information about device compatibility before using the app. Use of FreeStyle Libre 2 may require registration with LibreView.

† Finger pricks are required if glucose readings and alarms do not match symptoms or expectations. 

 

References:

  1. American Diabetes Association. Understanding A1C. American Diabetes Association website. Accessed December 7, 2022. https://www.diabetes.org/a1c.
  2. Imran A, et al. 2018 clinical practice guidelines: targets for glycemic control. Can J Diabetes 2018;42(Suppl 1):S42-S46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcjd.2017.10.030.
  3. Diabetes Canada. Managing Your Blood Sugar. Diabetes Canada website. September 29, 2022. https://www.diabetes.ca/resources/tools---resources/managing-your-blood-sugar.
  4. Punthakee Z, et al. Chapter 3: Definition, classification and diagnosis of diabetes, prediabetes and metabolic syndrome. Can J Diabetes 2018;42(Suppl 1):S10-S15.
  5. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Diabetes Tests. CDC website. https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/basics/getting-tested.html. Accessed July 11, 2023.
  6. American Diabetes Association. A1C and eAG. American Diabetes Association website. Accessed December 7, 2022. https://www.diabetes.org/diabetes/a1c-test-meaning/a1c-and-eag.
  7. Dunn T, et al. Development of the likelihood of low glucose (LLG) algorithm for evaluating risk of hypoglycemia: a new approach for using continuous glucose data to guide therapeutic decision making. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2014;8(4):720-730. https://doi.org/10.1177/1932296814532200.
  8. Ajjan R, et al. Glucokinase MODY and implications for treatment goals of common forms of diabetes. Curr Diab Rep 2014;14(12):559-65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-014-0559-0.
  9. Rayman G. Glycaemic control, glucose variability and the triangle of diabetes care. Br J Diabetes 2016;16(Suppl 1):S3-S6. https://doi.org/10.15277/bjd.2016.070.
  10. Lang J, et al. Expanded real-world use reaffirms strong correlation between scanning frequency of flash glucose monitoring and glucose control. Diabetes 2018;68(Suppl 1):972-P. https://doi.org/10.2337/db19-972-P.
  11. Battelino T, et al. Clinical targets for continuous glucose monitoring data interpretation: recommendations from the international consensus on time in range. Diabetes Care 2019;42(8):1593-1603. https://doi.org/10.2337/dci19-0028.
  12. Beck RW, et al. Validation of Time in Range as an outcome measure for diabetes clinical trials. Diabetes Care 2019;42(3): 400-405. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc18-1444.
  13. Lu J, et al. Association of time in range, as assessed by continuous glucose monitoring, with diabetes retinopathy in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2018;41(11):2370-2376. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc18-1131.
  14. Frier BM, Heller SR, and McCrimmon R, eds. Hypoglycaemia in Clinical Diabetes. 3rd ed. Wiley Blackwell; 2014.
  15. Diabetes Canada. Mild, Moderate or Severe Hypoglycemia - What’s the Difference? Diabetes Canada website. Accessed September 14, 2022. https://www.diabetes.ca/managing-my-diabetes/stories/mild,-moderate-or-severe-hypoglycemia---what-s-the-difference-.
  16. Yale J-F, et al. 2018 clinical practice guidelines: hypoglycemia. Can J Diabetes 2018;42(Suppl 1):S104-S108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcjd.2017.10.010.
  17. Gold AE, et al. Hypoglycemia and non-cognitive aspects of psychological function in insulin-dependent (type 1) diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Diabet Med 1997;14(2):111-118. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9136(199702)14:2%3C111::AID-DIA309%3E3.0.CO;2-S.
  18. Rana O, et al. Acute hypoglycemia decreases myocardial blood flow reserve in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and in healthy humans. Circulation 2011;124(14):1548-56. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.992297.
  19. Kedia N. Treatment of severe diabetic hypoglycemia with glucagon: an underutilized therapeutic approach. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2011;4:337-346. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/DMSO.S20633.
  20. Frier BM. Hypoglycaemia in diabetes mellitus: epidemiology and clinical implications. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2014;10(12): 711-722. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrendo.2014.170.
  21. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDKD). Low Blood Glucose (Hypoglycemia). NIDDKD website. Accessed September 14, 2022. https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/preventing-problems/low-blood-glucose-hypoglycemia#likely.
  22. Seaquist ER, et al. Hypoglycemia and diabetes: a report of a workgroup of the American Diabetes Association and the Endocrine Society. Diabetes Care 2013;36(5):1384-1395. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc12-2480.
  23. Inkster B, Frier BM. Diabetes and Driving. Diabetes Obesity Metab 2013;15(9):775-783. https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.12071.
  24. Bolinder J, et al. Novel glucose-sensing technology and hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes: a multicentre, non-masked, randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2016;388(10057):2254-2263. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31535-5.
  25. Haak T, et al. Flash glucose-sensing technology as a replacement for blood glucose monitoring for the management of insulin-treated type 2 diabetes: a multicenter, open-label randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Ther 2017;8(1):55-73. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13300-016-0223-6.

 

 

The FreeStyle Libre 2 flash glucose monitoring system is indicated for measuring interstitial fluid glucose levels in people aged 4 years and older with diabetes mellitus. Always read and follow the label/insert.
 
The FreeStyle Libre flash glucose monitoring system is indicated for measuring interstitial fluid glucose levels in adults aged 18 years and older with diabetes mellitus. Always read and follow the label/insert.

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